An Employer Identification Number (EIN) is a nine-digit number issued by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to identify a business for federal tax purposes. It is commonly needed to open a business bank account, file tax returns, and manage business finances in the United States. For international entrepreneurs, getting an EIN without an SSN (Social Security number) can seem difficult. However, the IRS offers alternative application methods for eligible applicants who do not have an SSN or an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN).
Can Someone Get an EIN Without an SSN?
Yes. A foreign business owner may qualify for an EIN without having an SSN or ITIN. The usual process involves completing Form SS-4 and applying through an appropriate IRS channel. An LLC whose principal place of business is outside the US, or whose responsible party has no SSN or ITIN, cannot use the online application and must apply by phone, fax, or mail. Eligibility depends on the applicant’s circumstances and the information provided to the IRS.
The EIN application process does not automatically require every foreign business owner to obtain an ITIN first. An EIN identifies the business for federal tax purposes, while an SSN or ITIN identifies an individual for specific tax and reporting purposes. These numbers serve different functions, so applicants should determine which identification number their situation requires before starting the process.
How to Apply for an EIN Without an SSN
Understanding how the IRS handles applicants with no US tax number can help foreign entrepreneurs avoid common application mistakes. The IRS generally allows an eligible foreign responsible party who cannot obtain an SSN or ITIN to enter “Foreign” or “N/A” on Line 7b of Form SS-4, as directed by the applicable instructions. Applicants should complete the remaining fields accurately, explain the reason for requesting the EIN, and ensure the form is signed by an authorized person.
1. Apply by Fax
Faxing Form SS-4 is a practical option for applicants who want to avoid international postal delays. Applicants located outside the United States can fax the completed form to 304-707-9471. The IRS generally advises allowing around four business days for fax processing, although actual processing times may vary. The applicant should include a valid return fax number and retain a copy of the submitted form for reference.
2. Apply by Mail
Mail is another option for foreign business owners who prefer submitting a paper application. The applicant should complete, sign, and date Form SS-4 before sending it to:
Internal Revenue Service
Attn: EIN International Operation
Cincinnati, OH 45999
USA
The IRS recommends allowing approximately four weeks for a mailed application, although delays can occur. Applicants should plan ahead if they need the EIN to open a bank account or complete business registration requirements.
3. Apply by Phone
Eligible international applicants may request an EIN by calling the IRS at 267-941-1099. The number is not toll-free, and the published service hours are Monday through Friday, 6 a.m. to 11 p.m. Eastern Time. The caller must be authorized to receive the EIN and answer questions about Form SS-4. Completing the form before calling can make the process easier and help the applicant provide accurate information.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Applicants should check their business name, mailing address, entity type, and responsible-party information before submitting Form SS-4. Incorrect details or missing information can delay processing. They should also select the appropriate application method and avoid submitting multiple applications for the same business while waiting for a response.
Foreign entrepreneurs who need additional guidance can review the information available through CORPBOLT’s EIN application guide. It can help them understand the general process and prepare for the next steps.
Conclusion
Getting an EIN without an SSN is possible for eligible foreign applicants. Fax, mail, and phone provide alternatives when the online application is unavailable. Phone is usually the fastest, because the IRS assigns the EIN during the call; fax generally takes up to four business days, and mail about four weeks. By completing Form SS-4 carefully and following the latest IRS instructions, business owners can reduce avoidable delays and move forward with their US business plans.
